（1）功能的機構 (1) functional institutions 實現一種功能的機構組合，一般有多種方案。設計時最好提現盡可能多的方案，給予考察。此外以開發全新產品為目標時，不僅對平時所見的常規機構，而卻對其他領域中所使用的或歷史上被看成是過失物體中的，因其中能給予啟發的東西有很多，最好也要參照。 There are usually many schemes to achieve a functional combination of institutions. It is better to present as many schemes as possible when designing. In addition to the goal of developing a brand new product, not only is the usual institution seen, but it is regarded as a negligent object in other fields, or historically, because there are many enlightening things, and it is better to refer to it. 此外，機械式機構大約到19世紀末達到成熟，現在幾乎所有使用的機構（自動裝置）在其歷史上都能見到。 In addition, the mechanical institutions reached maturity by the end of nineteenth Century. Now almost all the institutions (automatic devices) can be seen in its history. （2）力作用線 (2) force action line 為了只觀地表示力在機械機構中怎樣傳遞下去蓋土網 防寒布 麻繩 油麻繩 麻刀 瀝青麻繩 靜壓造型線 自動澆注機 鑄鐵拍門 鋼制拍門 玻璃鋼拍門的狀態，將力看作猶如在構件中留動的樣子，描繪在草案圖的機械中。表示這個力“流動”的線，在設計考察中起著重要作用。例如：產生某種動作的機械，如果處于靜態平衡，難么力作用線在整體系統中封閉。如果力線不封閉，或者該機械正題開始加速運動或者在空間分解。轉動力矩的作用現也同樣。 In order to see only the state of the transmission of the surface force in the mechanical mechanism, the force is regarded as if it is left in the component, depicted in the machinery of the draft map. The line that indicates the force "flow" plays an important role in design investigation. For example, a machine that produces certain action, if it's in a static equilibrium, the hard force line will be closed in the whole system. If the force line is not closed, or the mechanical topic begins to accelerate motion or decompose in space. The effect of the moment of rotation is the same.